Packaging Of Pharmaceuticals |Pharmacy Online Lecture-2 | Pharmaceutics-Ch-2 | In Hindi | हिंदी में

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Hello Friends , here is the next video in the learning pharmacy series….

In this video , we have discussed about Pharmacy Online Lecture | Pharmaceutics-Ch-1 | Dosage Forms Of The Drugs I In Hindi | हिंदी में

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Topic discussed in the video :-
1-Introduction & Function
2-Types Of Packaging
3-Materials Used In Pharmaceutical Packaging

1-Introduction Of Packaging
Packaging is a science, art & technology of enclosing or protecting products for distribution, storage, sale & use.

Pharmaceutical packaging is the economical means of providing protection, identification, information, convenience and stability of the product.

2-Functions / Benefits Of Packaging
Product identification- Packaging greatly helps in identification of the products.

Product protection- Packaging protect the content of the product from spoilage, breakage, leakage.

Facilitate the use of product- Packaging makes product convenient to open, handle and use by the consumer.

Product promotion- Packaging helps in product promotion & attract the attention of the people while purchasing.

3-Types Of Packaging
Primary Packaging
Is the material that first envelops the product and hold it.

Secondary Packaging
Is outside the primary packaging, used to group primary package together.

Tertiary Packaging
Is used for bulk handling & shipping.

4-Material used in Packaging
Glass
Plastic
Rubbers
Paper/cardboard
Metals

A-Glass As Packaging Material
Advantage
They are transparent
Economical
Easily labelled
Have good protection power
Available in variety of shapes & sizes.

Disadvantage
Glass is fragile so easily broken
Release alkali to preparation

Composition Of Glass
*Silicon di-oxide/ Sand Sio2 72%
*Sodium Oxide(Na2O) From Sodium Carbonate Na2CO3 (soda ash) 13%
*Calcium Oxide/Lime CaO 12%
*Aluminum Oxide Al2O3 2%
*Minors 1%

b-Plastic As Packaging Material
Plastics are group of substance of natural or synthetic origin, consisting chiefly of the polymers of high molecular weight that can be molded into a shape by means of heat & pressure.

Advantage
Less weight than glass
Flexible
Variety of shape & size
Resistant to breakage
Chemically inert, safe in use
Disadvantage
Absorption permeability to moisture
Poor printing property
Types Of Plastics
Thermoplastic Type
On heating, become soften to viscous fluid which harden again on cooling.

Examples- Polypropylene, polystyrene, cellulose acetate, PTFE (Teflon), nylon, polyketone, etc.

Thermosetting Type
On heating, irreversibly to become hard at high temperature and remain in a permanent solid state once hardened.

Examples- epoxy resin, melamine formaldehyde, polyester resin and urea formaldehyde.

Metal As Packaging Material
Metals are used for preparation of containers. The metals commonly used are aluminum, tin plated steel, stainless steel, tin and lead.
Advantage
Impermeable to light, moisture & gas
Rigid & Unbreakable
Light in weight than glass Container
Label can be printed directly Onto the surface

Disadvantage
Expensive
May react with certain chemicals

Rubber As Packaging Material
Rubber is mainly used for construction of closures for vials, transfusion fluid bottles, dropping bottles and for many other type of products.
Types Of Rubbers
Butyl Rubber
Nitrile Rubber
Neoprene Rubber
Silicon Rubber

Paper And Cardboards
Paper & Cardboards are suitable for small scale and bulk packaging, also suitable for all kinds of food packaging.
Advantage
Light weight
Less expensive & Easily available
Cardboard cartons have high shock resistant capacity

Disadvantage
May cause damage on transportation without external barriers
Most paper packs are not reusable

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How Americans feel about Mueller, the media and health care

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How Americans feel about Mueller, the media and health care

From the Mueller investigation’s end to renewed debate about health care, it’s been a busy week in Washington. But how are these political issues resonating outside the nation’s capital? Judy Woodruff talks to Kent State University professor and columnist Connie Schultz and Chris Buskirk, editor of conservative journal and website American Greatness, about what the Americans they talk to think.

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Big Pharma Big Money : Documentary on the Money and Corruption of Big Pharmaceutical Companies

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Big Pharma Big Money : Documentary on the Money and Corruption of Big Pharmaceutical Companies.

You are really going to enjoy this documentary. It’s very interesting and fun to watch. It’s part of a series of exciting and informative documentaries. This Youtube channel is for learning and educational purposes. Learning and Education are fundamental and important in today’s society and becoming increasingly more accessible and convenient online. The availability of important information which is also entertaining helps everyone grow mentally and emotionally as people both individually and as a whole. Documentaries are the resource of choice of the information and internet generations of students around the world. The documentary here along with the other documentaries on this channel relate to important times and people in history, historic places, archaeology, society, world culture, science, conspiracy theories, and education.
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Republican lawmakers question Trump’s decision to focus on health care

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Trump 2020 Campaign National Press Secretary Kayleigh McEnany on the health care debate and President Trump’s attacks against ObamaCare.

CNN’s Wolf Blitzer and Democratic presidential candidate Kamala Harris discuss Trump’s claim that the GOP will become “the party of health care” despite seeking to eliminate the Affordable Care Act. #CNN #News
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DAY IN MY LIFE | Full Day Of Eating & Supplements (realistic)

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DAY IN MY LIFE | Full Day Of Eating & Supplements (realistic)

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WATCH LIVE: Top pharmaceutical executives testify before the Senate Finance Committee on drug prices

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Dr. Oz Explains the Healthcare System

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With Donald J. Trump now President of the United States, many Republicans in Congress are seeking to repeal the Affordable Care Act. This means that the healthcare system is on the minds of many Americans – we’re here to help you decode it.

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The Affordable Care Act (ACA) has been widely debated. While many believe that health care should be accessible to all, not all agree on which methods are best to achieve that goal. The speakers will discuss the ACA’s current components, why revisions failed to pass in the House and Senate and what to expect in the future.

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Food and Vitamins and Supplements! Oh My! — Longwood Seminar

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Food and Vitamins and Supplements! Oh My! — Longwood Seminar

Every day a new diet trend seems to be in the news—along with an abundance of advice on supplements and vitamins, including which to take and which to avoid. This March 5, 2013, seminar aims to cut through the noise surrounding nutrition, vitamins and dietary supplements by providing the latest scientific evidence as well as advice for healthy eating and living a nutritious lifestyle. Learn more about the Longwood Seminars by visiting http://hms.harvard.edu/news/longwood-seminars.

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15 Things You Didn't Know About The Pharmaceutical Industry

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15 Things You Didn’t Know About The Pharmaceutical Industry | Industry Wednesday
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Want to be a drug addict? If you live in the U.S. chances are you probably already are. The U.S. – land of the free, of MTV, and of legal drugs. This might just be what makes America great. A place where our doctors prescribe us pills we don’t need for conditions that don’t exist. It’s a win-win. Big Pharma gets bigger and richer and we get higher or just die.

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The story was different 50 years ago when Jon went down to his dentist’s office to get his wisdom teeth pulled and the doctor gave him aspirin as pain medication. This was a time when young men went to war and women worked their asses off at home to save the country from collapse. Now? We get high, play video games, watch YouTube, and complain when someone doesn’t call us the right gender. And these days if old Jonny boy goes to the dentist and wants some work done it’s dealers choice. Vicodin. Percocet. Codeine. You name it. Whatever company happens to be in bed with your doctor that day. And if you don’t have private insurance that pays for your drugs? No problem. Sign up for Medicaid. You’ll definitely be able to get free drugs through them.

First what exactly is the pharmaceutical industry? To make a long story short it’s a business that creates drugs for use as medications. It’s important to note that it’s not a terrible industry. In fact they have made some very important discoveries like insulin which has saved millions of lives or the countless vaccines that have protected us from at one point, very common diseases like measles and hepatitis.

The problem is not the idea of pharmaceuticals – drugs are neither good nor bad. They can either be helpful or dangerous depending on their use. The problem with big pharma is that it is literally killing people. And it’s making a profit doing so. And our government is basically encouraging it.

You may ask yourself how an industry that it supposed to be providing us medication which is regulated by the Federal Drug Administration – an organization responsible for “protecting the public health by assuring the safety, efficacy and security of human…drugs,” is killing us. Let’s first look at the health statistics:

• 99% of hydrocodone worldwide use is in the U.S – we know this drug more colloquially as Vicodin (which is just a company that makes hydrocodone). This is a drug that the FDA rates as less dangerous as marijuana but in 2011 caused nearly 100,000 emergency department visits.
• The U.S. makes up 5% of the world’s population but consumes 80% of its opioid consumption
• On average 40 deaths per day are linked to specifically prescription opioids and over 100,000 deaths per year linked with prescription drugs in general. This is far more deaths than what illegal street drugs cause.
• Prescription drugs are now the 4th leading cause of death in the U.S.

Ok. You get the point. Prescription drugs are dangerous and they are killing people. But now the question is why are people taking them if they’re so dangerous? The answer lies in the incredible reach of big Pharma. The pharmaceutical industry spends between 30 and 60 billion dollars a year on advertising their miracle drugs. You’ve all seen their ads – blue skies, beautiful couple, trees – having trouble sleeping? Bad knees? Buy our pill and feel like new. And then the 10 second list of possible side effects which always include “and in extreme cases, death.” The folks that regulate these advertisements have a budget of million dollars. Do you really think a million dollar budget is enough to regulate something that is more than 6,000 times that size. This is not a David vs. Goliath story. This is an ant vs. an elephant.

Big pharma is also notorious for selling drugs that aren’t approved for certain symptoms – a practice called Off-Label Promotion. For example your doctor might prescribe you an antidepressant because she or he believes it will help your migraines. This practice is at times is legal and at others illegal. If illegal you will learn shortly that the fine usually is smaller than the profit these companies make. Big pharma might just consider it another tax of doing business. And yes it has in some cases caused death.

There is also the idea that big Pharma creates new illnesses and solves them with their pills. Sounds like a conspiracy theory, right? But actually it makes a lot of sense and you’ve probably seen an ad that talks about some made up illness and a pill to fix it without thinking twice. For example restless leg syndrome. Is that really an illness?
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